Information about Shadow Education by Year

2012   2011   2010   2009   2008   2007   2006   2005   2004   2003   2002   2001
2000   1999   1998   1997   1996   1995   1994   1993   1992   1991
1990   1989   1988   1987              1981              1976
Miscelaneous

2012

Aslam, M. & Mansoor, S. (2012). The Private Tuition Industry in Pakistan: An Alarming Trend. In ASER-Pakistan. 2012. Annual Status of Education Report 2011: National (Rural) Paid Tuition. Islamabad: South Asian Forum for Education Development (SAFED), pp.23–25.

Barrow, D. & S. Lochan (2012). Supplementary tutoring in Trinidad and Tobago: Some implications for policy making. International Review of Education, 58, 405-422.

Byun, S. Y. and Hyunjoon, Park. (2012). The Academic Success of East Asian American Youth: The Role of Shadow Education. Sociology of Education 85(1):40-60.

Seo, H. S., & Kim, T. Y. D. (2012). Elementary school students’ foreign language learning demotivation: A mixed methods study of Korean EFL context. The Asia Pacific Education Researche.

Toh, Kezia (2012) Don’t overload students with homework: Heng Swee Keat The Straits Times (Sept. 13, 2012)

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2011

Boridchuk, N. (2011). Shadow Education: Quantitative and Qualitative analysis of the impact of the educational reform (implementation of centralized standardised testing) on private tutoring in Ukraine. Development Studies Institute. London, London School of Economics and Political Science. Mater of Science.

Bray, M. (2011). The Challenge of Shadow Education: Private tutoring and its implications for policy-makers in the European Union, European Commission.

Bundesweite Elternbefragung (2011). AK-Studie: Nachhilfe 2011, Studienbericht. Diese Studie wurde erstellt für die: AK-Wien, Abteilung Bildungspolitik. [AK-Study: Tutoring 2011, Study Report. This study was carried out for: AK Vienna, Department of Education policy].

Choi, Á., Calero, J., & Escardíbul, J.-O. (2011). Hell to touch the SKY? Private tutoring and academic achievement in Korea. Working Papers.

Entrich, Steve R. (2011). Shadow Education in Deutschland und Japan – Einführung in das Forschungsfeld.[Shadow Education in Germany and Japan – Introduction to the research field]. Universität Potsdam, Department Erziehungswissenschaft, Lehrstuhl für sozialwissenschaftliche Bildungsforschung.

Haag, L. and Jäger, R. S. (2011). Nachhilfe – empirische Befunde, Desiderata und Entwicklungen [Tutoring – empirical findings, desiderata and developments]. Empirische Pädagogik, 25 (3): 259-265.

Heyneman, S. (2011). Private Tutoring and Social Cohesion. Peabody Journal of Education, 86(2): 183-188

Ireson, Judith & Rushforth, Katie (2011). Private Tutoring at Transition Points in the English Education System: Its Nature, Extent and Purpose. Research Papers in Education, 26 (1): 1-19.

Koinzer, Thomas (2011). Öffenliche Schule und Private Nachhilfe [Public Schooling and Private Tutoring]. Pädagogische Rundschau, 65 (1): 33-48.

Kwo, Ora & Bray, Mark (2011). Facing the Shadow Education System in Hong Kong. Newsletter of the International Institute for Asian Studies, University of Leiden, No.56, p.20.

Kirss, Laura (2011): Education in the Shadows: The Case of Estonia. Tallinn: Center for Policy Studies.

Leman, B. (2011). Quelques particularites des juku japonais, systeme extrascolaire supplementaire a l’ecole: Une etude comparative des recherches japonaise, francaise et anglo-americaine [Some peculiarities of Japanese juku, extra-school system: A comparative study of Japanese, French and Anglo-American research]. Language, culture, and communication : journal of the College of Intercultural Communication, 3, 185-200.

Lee, S. and R. C. Shouse (2011). The Impact of Prestige Orientation on Shadow Education in South Korea. Sociology of Education 84(3): 212

Lee, S., & Shouse, R. C. (2011). The Impact of Prestige Orientation on Shadow Education in South Korea. Sociology of Education, 84(3), 212.

Liu, J. (2011). Does cram schooling matter? Who goes to cram schools? Evidence from Taiwan. International Journal of Educational Development. doi: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.01.014

Mendizábal, A. C. d., Martínez, J. C., & Ferrá, J. O. E. (2011). Hell to touch the SKY? Private tutoring and academic achievement in Korea. Documents de treball IEB(10), 1.

OECD. (2011).Quality Time for Students: Learning In and Out of School. PISA, OECD Publishing.

Oller, Anne-Claudine (2011) Le coaching scolaire en France : émergence d’un nouveau marché educatif [Tutoring in France: emergence of a new educational market] In Felouzis, G., & Fouquet-Chauprade B. (Dir.). Penser les marchés scolaires, Education Comparée, 6: 181-202

Park, H., Byun, S., & Kim, K. (2011). Parental Involvement and Students’ Cognitive Outcomes in Korea. Sociology of Education, 84(1):3-22.

Perceval, Roland (Ed.)(2011). Les écoles de devoirs:au-dela du soutien scolaire [Homework schools: beyond tutoring]. Étude réalisée par Valérie Silberberg et Antoine Bazantay. Le soutien de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles.

Rushforth, Katie (2011). The Quality and Effectiveness of One-to-One Private Tuition in England. PhD thesis, Institute of Education, University of London.

Safarzyńska, K. (2011). Socio-economic Determinants of Demand for Private Tutoring. European Sociological Review.

Sobhy, Hania. (2012). The De-Facto Privatization of Secondary Education in Egypt: A Study of Private Tutoring in Technical and General Schools. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 42 (1): 47-67.

Soldo, Andrea. & Powell, Steve (2011) The phenomenon of private tutoring-possible solutions. The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. proMENTE social research.

Southgate, D. (2011). Determinants of shadow education: A cross-national analysis. Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University, United States — Ohio. Retrieved July 17, 2011, from Dissertations & Theses: A&I.(Publication No. AAT 3393273).

Sujatha, K.and G. Rani (2011). Private Tuition at Secondary Level: Trends and Troubles. in Sujatha, K.and G. Rani. Management of Sedcondary Education in India. Shipra Publications. pp104-162.

Suraweera A. V. (2011). Kannangara’s Free Education Proposals in relation to the subsequent expansion of the Tuition Industry. Text of the Dr C. W. W. Kannangara Memorial Lecture – 22 by Prof. A. V. Suraweera held at National Institute of Education, Maharagama on October 13, 2011. 31p.

Tan, P. L. (2011). The Economic Impacts of Migrant Maids in Malaysia. Thesis Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Hamilton: University of Waikato

Thapa, A. (2011). Does private school competition improve public school performance? The case of Nepal. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences New York, Columbia University. Ph.D.

Yu, H., & Ding, X. (2011). How to get out of the prisoners’ dilemma: Educational resource allocation and private tutoring. Frontiers of Education in China, 6(2), 279-292.

Zhang, Y. (2011). The Determinants of National College Entrance Exam Performance in China – With an Analysis of Private TutoringPh.D., Columbia University, New York.

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2010

AK-Wien (Abteilung Bildungspolitik) (2010): Nachhilfe [Tutoring]. Vienna: Abteilung Bildungspolitik.

Askew, Mike; Hodgen, Jeremy; Hossain, Sarmin & Bretcher, Nicola (2010): Values and Variables:Mathematics Education in High-Performing Countries. London: Nuffield Foundation

Alon, S. (2010). Racial Differences in Test Preparation Strategies: A commentary on Shadow Education, American Style: Test Preparation, the SAT and College Enrollment. Social Forces, 89(2), 463.

Bray, M. (2010a). Researching shadow education: methodological challenges and directions. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 3-13.

Bray, M. (2010b). Blurring boundaries: the growing visibility, evolving forms and complex implications of private supplementary tutoring. Orbis Scholae, 4(2), 61–73.

Bouillon, Pierre (2010): ‘Le Coaching Privé Braque les profs’ [‘Private Coaching Points at the Teachers’]. Le Soir, 18 November.

Buchmann, C., Condron, D., & Roscigno, V. (2010). Shadow Education, American Style: Test Preparation, the SAT and College Enrollment. Social Forces, 89(2), 435.

Byun, S. Y. (2010). Does policy matter in shadow education spending? Revisiting the effects of the high school equalization policy in South Korea. Asia Pacific Education Review 11(1): 83-96.

Cremer, H., De Donder, P. & Pestieau, P. (2010). Education and social mobility. International Tax and Public Finance, 1-21

Chiu, M. M., & McBride-Chang, C. (2010). Family and Reading in 41 Countries: Differences Across Cultures and Students. Scientific Studies of Reading, 14(6), 514-543.

Dehandschutter, Wim (2010): ‘Bijlessen zijn Big Business’ [‘Extra Lessons are Big Business’]. De Standaard, 2 November.

Dierkes, J. (2010). Teaching in the shadow: operators of small shadow education institutions in Japan. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 25-35.

Dawson, W. (2010). Private tutoring and mass schooling in East Asia: reflections of inequality in Japan, South Korea, and Cambodia. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 14-24.

De Castro, B. V. & de Guzman, A. B. (2010). Push and pull factors affecting Filipino students’ Shadow Education (SE) participation. Kedi Journal of Educational Policy, 7(1), 43-66.

Daedalus Millward Brown (2010): Piata Meditatiilor, estimate la peste 300 milione euro anual. [Private Tutoring: Estimated annual cost of 300 million euros]. Study commissioned by Fundatia Dinu Patriciu, and conducted by the company Daedalus Millward Brown, Bucharest.

ESP/NEPC. (2010). Drawing the Line: Parental Informal Payments for Education across Eurasia. Budapest: Education Support Program (ESP) of the Open Society Institute.

Eunai, S. (2010). Cram Schools. In E., W.-C. Chen & G. J. Yoo (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Asian American issues today, 1, 211-215.

Gallardo, Lourdes (2010): ‘Clases particulares: ¿Merece la pena el esfuerzo?’ [‘Private lessons: Are they worth the effort?’]. 20 September.

Glasman, Dominique (2010): ‘Le rôle préventif des dispositifs d’aide aux élèves en dehors de l’école’. [‘The Preventative Role of Support Mechanisms for Pupils Outside School’]. Informations Sociales, 161:58-65.

Gök, F. (2010) Marketing hope: Private institutions preparing students for the university entrance examination in Turkey, In S. Karin Amos (ed.) International Educational Governance, International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 12, pp. 123-134.

Gomes, C. A., Mariano, F., de Oliveira, A., Barbosa, A., de Sousa, J.H.B. & Friedrich, N. (2010). Reforço escolar: gastos e desigualdades sociais [Tutoring: costs and social inequalities]. R. bras. Est. pedag., Brasília, v. 91, n. 227, p. 55-74.

Guill, Karin (2010a): Individuelle, familiäre und schulische Prädiktoren der Inanspruchnahme von Nachhilfeunterricht in Mathematik [Individual, Family and School Level Predictors of Attending Private Tutoring in Mathematics]. PhD thesis, Technische Universität Dortmund, Institut für Schulentwicklungsforschung.

Guill, Karin (2010b): ‘Effectiveness of Private Tutoring’. Poster presented at the Junior Researchers of EARLI conference, European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI), 19-22 July, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.

Guill, Karin & Bonsen, Martin (2010): ‘Leistungsvorteile durch Nachhilfeunterricht in Mathematik am Beginn der Sekundarstufe I? Ergebnisse der Hamburger Schulleistungsstudie KESS’ [‘Achievement Gains through Private Tutoring in Mathematics at the Beginning of Secondary Education? Results from the Hamburg School Achievement Study KESS’]. Unterrichtswissenschaft, 38 (2), 117-133.

Grodsky, E. (2010). Learning in the Shadows and in the Light of Day: A commentary on Shadow Education, American Style: Test Preparation, the SAT and College Enrollment. Social Forces, 89(2), 475.

Institutul Român pentru Evaluare si Strategie (IRES) [Romanian Institute for Evaluation and Strategy] (2010): Perceptia Publica a Scolii Românesti [The Public Perception of Romanian schooling].

Johnson , A. H. (2010). Becoming a Better Tutor: A Data-Driven Approach to Tutoring. iUniverse.com .156 p

Kaya, S. and D.C. Rice. (2010) Multilevel Effects of Student and Classroom Factors on Elementary Science Achievement in Five Countries. International Journal of Science Education, 32(10): p. 1337 – 1363.

Koyama, Jill P. (2010). Making Failure Pay: For-profit Tutoring, High Stakes Testing, and Public Schools.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kim, J. and Chang, J. (2010). Do governmental regulations for cram schools decrease the number of hours students spend on private tutoring? KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, 3-21.

Kim, J. H. and Park, D. (2010). The determinants of demand for private tutoring in South Korea. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(3), 411-421.

Kwok, P. L. Y. (2010). Demand intensity, market parameters and policy responses towards demand and supply of private supplementary tutoring in China. Asia Pacific Education Review 11(1): 49-58.

Klemm, Klaus & Klemm, Annemarie (2010): Ausgaben für Nachhilfe: teurer und unfairer Ausgleich für fehlende individuelle Föderung [Expenses for Private tutoring: Costly and Unfair Compensation for Missing Individual Support]. Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung.

Liodakis, Nikolaos (2010). The Development of Supplementary Educational Institutions and Educational Mobility in Greece. Presentation at the workshop on ‘The World-wide Growth of Supplementary Education’, University of Waterloo, Canada, 4-6 June.

Lee, B. (2010). The pre-university English-educational background of college freshmen in a foreign language program: a tale of diverse private education and English proficiency. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 69-82.

Lee, C., Lee, H., & Jang, H. (2010). The history of policy responses to shadow education in South Korea: implications for the next cycle of policy responses. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 97-108.

Lee, Y. (2010). Views on education and achievement: Finland’s story of success and South Korea’s story of decline. KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, 7(2): 379-401.

Matsuoka, R. (2010). Disregard of Opportunity Gap Inequalities in Policy Debates over Mandatory English Education at Public Elementary Schools in Japan. Educational Perspectives, 46.

Orkodashvili, M. (2010). From Equity of Access to International Quality Standards for Curbing Corruption in Secondary and Higher Education and Closing Achievement Gaps in Post-Soviet Countries. The Impact of International Achievement Studies on National Education Policymaking (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Volume 13), Emerald Group Publishing Limited 13: 181-206.

Ojima, F., & Below, S. (2010). Family Background, School System and Academic Achievement in Germany and in Japan. In J. Dronkers (Ed.), Quality and Inequality of Education (pp. 275-297): Springer Netherlands.

PricewaterhouseCoopers (2010): Evaluation of the Making Good Progress Pilot. Research Report No. DCSF-RR184. London: Department for Children, Schools and Families.

Rao, N. (2010). Aspiring for distinction: gendered educational choices in an Indian village. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 40(2), 167-183.

Rashid, R., Sharmin, N., Dutta, N. C., & Nath, S. R. (2010). Education Under Gram Daridro Bimochan Committee: Present Status and Future Directions. BRAC Working Paper No. 20. Dhaka: CFPR.

Saha, B., & Saha, S. B. (2009). Private tutoring, school education, and government policy. Review of Market Integration, 1(3), 375-408.

Sarangapani, P. M., & Winch, C. (2010). Tooley, Dixon and Gomathi on private education in Hyderabad: a reply. Oxford Review of Education, 36(4), 499-515.

Schneider, B., Keesler, V., & Morlock, L. (2010). The effects of family on children’s learning and socialisation. Educational Research and Innovation The Nature of Learning: Using Research to Inspire Practice, 251.

Seilhamer, M. F. (2010). Linguistic Abilities and Identity in a Globalizing World: Perspectives of Proficient Taiwanese English Users. r.

Shafiq, M. Najeeb. (2010). Designing Targeted Educational Voucher Schemes for the Poor in Developing Countries. International Review of Education, 56(1): 33-50.

Singh, Vijay A. & Pathak, Praveen (2010). Gender Asymmetry in Selection Tests at the Pre-College Level. Current Science, 98 (11), 1432-1433.

Silova, I. (2010). Private tutoring in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: policy choices and implications. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 40(3): p. 327 – 344.

Sharma, A. (2010). The global classroom: the profusion of coaching institutes isn’t just an Indian phenomenon. Check out what’s happening in China. Times News Network. Dec. 25, 2010

Ünal, H., Özkan, E. M., Milton, S., Price, K., & Curva, F. (2010). The effect of private tutoring on performance in mathematics in Turkey: A comparison across occupational types. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 5512-5517.

Ventura, A., & Jang, S. (2010). Private tutoring through the internet: globalization and offshoring. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(1), 59-68.

Woodward G.(2010) How to Start a Business as a Private Tutor. Set up a tutoring business from home. Learn the secrets of success from years of experience in tuition from primary through to GCSEs Free ready to use printable forms and sample adverts. Universe of Learning Ltd .150 p.

Yamamoto, Y., & Brinton, M. C. (2010). Cultural Capital in East Asian Educational Systems: The Case of Japan Sociology of Education, 83(1), 67-83.

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2009

Abadzi, H. (2009). Instructional Time Loss in Developing Countries: Concepts, Measurement, and Implications. The World Bank Research Observer.

Al-Farra, Samia. (2009). Private Tuition Phenomenon In Mathematics In Greater Amman-Jordan: Does Private Tuition Improve Achievement In Mathematics? VDM Verlag

Álvarez Fernández, Ma Violeta; Álvarez López, Alejandro; Feito Calzón, Jesús Herminio; García García, Ana Ma; González Abúlez, Antonio & San Fabián Moroto, José Luis (2009a): ‘Encuesta al alumnado asturiano.’ [‘Survey of Asturian students’]. Cuadernos, No.11, Fundación de Investigaciones Educativas y Sindicales.

Álvarez Fernández, Ma Violeta; Álvarez López, Alejandro; Borque López, Leonardo; Feito Calzón, Jesús Herminio; García García, Ana Ma; González Abúlez, Antonio & San Fabián Moroto, José Luis (2009b): ‘Encuesta al alumnado asturiano de Secundaria (II).’ [‘Survey of Asturian secondary students (II)’]. Cuadernos, No.12, Fundación de Investigaciones Educativas y Sindicales.

Azevedo, Sara & Neto-Mendes, António (2009): ‘As Explicações (Aulas Particulares) no Ensino Secundário e Superior em Portugal: Apresentação de um Estudo’ [‘Private Tutoring in Secondary and Higher Education in Portugal: Presentation of a Study’]. Revista Electrónica de Educação, 3 (2): 84-104.

Bray, M. (2009). Confronting the shadow education system. What government policies for what private tutoring? Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.

Dierkes, J. (2009). Private Schools and private tutoring schools in Japan: Stopgap and market niche. Zeitschrift Fur Padagogik, 55(5), 732-746.

Dale, Roger & Robertson, Susan (eds.) (2009): Globalisation and Europeanisation in Education. Oxford: Symposium Books

Darby E. Southgate (2009). Determinants of Shadow Education: A Cross-National Analysis. Graduate Program in Sociology, The Ohio State University, Doctor of Philosophy.

Dawson, W. (2009). The tricks of the teacher: shadow education and corruption in Cambodia Buying your way into heaven: education and corruption in international perspective (pp. 51-74).

Department for Children, Schools and Families (2009): Developing One-to-one Tuition: Guidance for Tutors. London: Department for Children, Schools and Families.

Elbadawy, A. (2009). The Effect of Tutoring on Secondary Streaming in Egypt.

Gauci, Denise & Wetz, Sarah (2009): The Private Lessons Phenomenon in a Form Five Girls’ Mathematics Classroom. BEd (Hons) dissertation, University of Malta.

Hamid, O., Sussex, R., & Khan, A. (2009). Private Tutoring in English for Secondary School Students in Bangladesh. Tesol Quarterly, 43(2), 281-308.

Holsinger, D.B. (2009). The Distribution of Education in Vietnam: Why Does Equality Matter?, in The Political Economy of Educational Reforms and Capacity Development in Southeast Asia, Y. Hirosato and Y. Kitamura, Editors. Springer Netherlands. p. 191-216.

Jung, J. H., & Lee, K. H. (2009). The determinants of private tutoring participation and attendant expenditures in Korea. Asia Pacific Education Review, 11(2), 159-168.

Kim, Minkee; Lavonen, Jari & Ogawa, Masakata (2009). Experts’ Opinions on the High Achievement of Scientific Literacy in PISA 2003: A Comparative Study in Finland and Korea. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 5 (4): 379-393.

Kimura, M., & Yasui, D. (2009). Public provision of private child goods. Journal of Public Economics, 93(5-6), 741-751.

Korpasová, Pavla (2009). Private Supplementary Tutoring in English Language. Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.

Lewis, M., & Petterson, G. (2009). Governance in Education: Raising Performance: mimeo. Libération (2007, 08.01.2007). A savoir. Libération.

Silova, I. (Ed) (2009) Private Supplementary Tutoring in Central Asia. New Opportunities and Burdens (Paris, UNESCO, International Institution for Educational Planning).

Smyth, E. ( 2009). Buying your way into college? Private tuition and the transition to higher education in Ireland. Oxford Review of Education, 35(1): p. 1 – 22.

Takigawa, Y. (2009). Communicative Task and its Effect: Focus on Form Activity on the Third Person Singular Agreement at a Cram School in Japan. Osaka Jogakuin 4year College .

Tan, Jason (2009). Private Tutoring in Singapore: Bursting out of the Shadows. Journal of Youth Studies (Hong Kong), 12(1):93–103.

Tanner, E., Ireson, J. M., Rushforth, K., Smith, K., Day, N., Tennant, R. and Turczuk, O.(2009) Private tuition in England (DCSF-RR081). London: Department for Children, Schools and Families.

Vieille-Grosjean Henri (2009). Le soutien scolaire. Enjeux et inégalités. [Tutoring. Issues and inequalities]. Éditions Jets d’Encre, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, 246 p.

Zhonggen, Y. (2009). Is Success in Education Influenced More by the Student’s Life and Training as a Child than by the Quality and Effectiveness of the Educational Program? An Exploratory Study. Journal of Social Sciences, 19(1), 27-30.

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2008

Afonso, Almerindo Janela (2008). O mercado em educação e as explicações [The market in education and explanations]. Jornal a Página, Nº 181, Agosto/Setembro 2008.

Amen, M. (2008). NGOs and Educational Reform in Egypt: Shared and Contested Views, Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Conceptual Paper in the Executive Doctor of Management Program at the Weatherhead School of Management. Cleveland: Case Western Reserve University.

Ball, Stephen J. & Youdell, Deborah (2008): Hidden Privatisation in Public Education. Brussels: Education International.

Berkenbaum, Pierre (2008): ‘Profs Particuliers ou Coachs Pédagogiques?’ [‘Private Teachers or Pedagogic Coaches?’]. Le Soir, 22 March.

Bray, M. & Suso, E. (2008). The Challenges of Private Supplementary Private Tutoring: Global Patterns and their Implications for Africa.

Coetzee, J. (2008). Supplementary tuition in Mathematics: exploring the industry in the Eastern Cape. College of Education, University of South Africa. Master of Science.

Costa, Jorge Adelino (2008). O fenómeno das explicações em estudo de caso: alguns dados da cidade Aquarela, Portugal [The phenomenon of tutoring, a case study: some data from the city Watercolor, Portugal].. Conferência Internacional 2008, promovida pelo Research Committee on Sociology of Education, da Internacional Sociological Association – ISA, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa [Brasil] 19 a 22 de Fevereiro de 2008.

Costa, Jorge Adelino, Neto-Mendes, António & Ventura, Alexandre (2008). As Explicações em estudo de caso: alguns dados da Cidade Aquarela [Tutoring, a case study: some data from the City Watercolor]. Revista Lusófona de Educação (aguarda publicação).

Costa, Jorge Adelino, Neto-Mendes, António & Ventura, Alexandre (Coords.) (2008). Xplika: Investigação sobre o mercado das explicações [Xplika: Research on tutoring market]. Aveiro: Universidade de Aveiro.

Dutercq, Yves (2008): ‘Former des Élites dans un Monde Incertain: Stratégies Scolaires et Recherche de Justice’ [‘Training Élites in an Uncertain World: Schooling Strategies and the Search for Justice’]. Éducation et Sociétés, 21 (1): 5-16.

Dohmen, Dieter; Erbes, Annegret; Fuchs, Kathrin & Günzel, Juliane (2008): Was wissen wir �ber Nachhilfe? – Sachstand und Auswertung der Forschungsliteratur zu Angebot, Nachfrage und Wirkungen [What do we Know about Tutoring? Progress Report and Evaluation of the Research Literature on Supply, Demand and Effects]. Berlin: Institute for Education and Socio-Economic Research and Consulting.

Dang, H. A. (2008). Private Tutoring in Vietnam: An Investigation of its Causes and Impacts with Policy Implications, VDM Verlag, Dr. Mueller Publishing House, 2008.

Dang, H. A., & Rogers, F. H. (2008). The growing phenomenon of private tutoring: Does it deepen human capital, widen inequalities, or waste resources? World Bank Research Observer, 23(2), 161-200.

Dang, H. A. & Rogers, F. H. (2008). How to interpret the growing phenomenon of private tutoring: human capital deepening, inequality increasing, or waste of resources? Policy Research Working Paper Series 4530, The World Bank.

Dierkes, Julian (2008). Single-sex education in the Japanese supplementary education industry. Paper presented at the 52nd Annual Conference Comparative and International Education Society Gaining Educational Equity around the World, March 17-21, 2008, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, New York.

Griffith, A., & St Hill, S. (2008). Addressing social participation as a major goal in social studies: A case study of a fifth-form group pursuing the CXC/CSEC social studies programme in a Barbadian school. Caribbean Curriculum, 15, 1-23.

Gruber, Karl Heinz (2008): ‘Die Nachhilfe-Industrie: Jährlich geben Eltern 140 Millionen für private Lernhilfe aus. In den Ferienmonaten herrscht Hochkonjunktur’ [‘The Tutoring Industry: Parents Devote 140 million Annually for Private Help with Learning. There is a boom in the holiday months’]. Die Zeit, No.27, 26 June.

Gurun, A. and D.L. Millimet (2008). Does Private Tutoring Payoff? No 3637, IZA Discussion Papers, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).

Hartmann, S. (2008). At School We Don’t Pay Attention Anyway – The informal market of education in Egypt and its implications. Sociologus, 58(1), 27-48.

Hagitegas, George (2008): The End of the Greek Myth. Athens: Livanis. [in Greek]

Kang, Changhui (2009). Does Money Matter? The Effect of Private Education Expenditures on Academic Performance in the Republic of Korea. in F. Barrera-Osorio, H. A. Patrinos and Q. Wodon (eds.), Emerging Evidence on Vouchers and Faith-based Providers in Education: Case Studies from Africa, Latin America, and Asia, World Bank Publications.

Kubanová, Martina; Kubán, Juraj; Gallová-Kriglerová, Elena & Maslová, Marcela (2008).Parental Informal Payments in Education Study: Slovakia.

Kang, N., & Hong, M. (2008). Achieving excellence in teacher workforce and equity in learning opportunities in South Korea. Educational Researcher, 37(4), 200.

Louise, W. (2008). Private expectations and public schooling: the growth of private tutoring in Australia. Peer Refereed Conference Paper Presented to the Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) National Conference, 30 November – 4 December 2008, Brisbane

Lochan, S., & Barrow, D. (2008). Extra-lessons: A comparison between different sides of the track in Trinidad and Tobago. Caribbean Curriculum, 15,45-69.

Lee, Soojeong & Shouse, Roger C. (2008). The impact of prestige orientation on shadow education in South Korea. Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Education Research – Asia & Europe dialogue in education research Searching for new paradigms, agendas, and research network, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 27-28 October 2008, 657-674.

Lee, Byungmin (2008). Did the college students have the similar background of learning English during their adolescence: their personal stories of additional private tutoring outside school. Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Education Research – Asia & Europe dialogue in education research Searching for new paradigms, agendas, and research network, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 27-28 October 2008, 254-267.

Lee, Chong-Jae & Jang, Hyo-Min (2008). History of government policy to shadow education. Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Education Research – Asia & Europe dialogue in education research Searching for new paradigms, agendas, and research network, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 27-28 October 2008, 366-393.

Lee, Chong-Jae & Jang, Sun-Hwa (2008). After-school program: Is it alternatives to private tutoring? Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Education Research – Asia & Europe dialogue in education research Searching for new paradigms, agendas, and research network, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 27-28 October 2008, 355-365.

Lee, Chong-Jae & Lee, Seung-Ho (2008). Changing patterns of university entrance screening system. Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Education Research – Asia & Europe dialogue in education research Searching for new paradigms, agendas, and research network, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 27-28 October 2008, 333-353.

Megahed, N.M.( 2008). Voices of Teachers in Academic and Vocational Secondary Schools in Egypt: Perceived Consequences of Educational Reform for Quality and Equality, in Education and Social Inequality in the Global Culture, J. Zajda, K. Biraimah, and W. Gaudelli, Editors. Springer Netherlands. p. 141-154.

Mendonça, Helena (2008). Explicações: ensino na sombra [Private tutoring: Education in the shade]. Notícias Magazine, 27.04.2008, 30-34

Nath, S. R. (2008). Private supplementary tutoring among primary students in Bangladesh. Educational Studies, 34(1), 55 – 72.

Neto-Mendes, António, Costa, Jorge Adelino e Ventura, Alexandre (2008). Explicações: modos de regulação de uma actividade globalizada [Private tutoring: modes of regulation of a globalized business]. Cadernos de Pesquisa, Set./Dez. 2008, v. 38, n. 135, 685-700

PricewaterhouseCoopers (2008). Evaluation of the Making Good Progress Pilot: Interim Report. Research Report DCSF-RR065. London: Department for Children, Schools and Families.

Paviot, L., N. Heinsohn and J. Korkman (2008). Extra tuition in Southern and Eastern Africa: Coverage, growth, and linkages with pupil achievement. International Journal of Educational Development, 2008. 28(2): p. 149-160.

Smyth, E. (2008). The more, the better? Intensity of involvement in private tuition and examination performance Educational Research and Evaluation, 14(5), 465-476.

Tansel, A., & Bircan, F. (2008). Private Supplementary Tutoring in Turkey Recent Evidence on its Recent Aspects. ERC Working Papers 0802. ERC – Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University.

Watson, L (2008) Private Expectations and Public Schooling: the growth of private tutoring in Australia. Paper delivered to the Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) National Conference, 30 November – 4 December, Brisbane.

Top

2007

Ahtee, Maija; Lavonen, Jari; Parviainen, Pentii & Pehkonen, Erkki (2007): ‘Influential Factors Outside of School’, in Pehkonen, Erkki; Ahtee, Maija & Lavonen, Jari (eds.), How Finns Learn Mathematics and Science. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, pp.99-111.

Abadzi, H. (2007). Absenteeism and beyond: Instructional time loss and consequences: World Bank Publications.

Abadzi, H. (2007). Instructional time loss and local-level governance. Prospects, 37(1), 3-16.

Caillods, F. (2007). The Impossible Choice: Access, Quality, and Equity – The Case of Secondary Education Expansion. In R. Maclean (Ed.), Learning and Teaching for the Twenty-First Century (pp. 165-180): Springer Netherlands.

Costa, Jorge Adelino, Neto-Mendes, António, Ventura, Alexandre & Azevedo, Sara (2007). A frequência de explicações em Portugal – caracterização de um fenómeno que também ‘pressiona’ a escola [The frequency of tutoring in Portugal – characterization of a phenomenon that is ‘pushing’ the school]. IV Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de Política e Administração da Educação/III Congresso Nacional do Forum Português de Administração Educacional – O Governo das Escolas: os novos referenciais, as práticas e a formação, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, 12 a 14 de Abril de 2007 (Aguarda publicação nas respectivas actas).

Costa, Jorge Adelino, Neto-Mendes, António, Ventura, Alexandre e Azevedo, Sara (2007). O Fenómeno das Explicações: aspectos da realidade portuguesa e do contexto global [The Phenomenon of Tutoring: aspects on the Portuguese reality and the global context] . Revista Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação [Rio de Janeiro], v. 15, nº 57, Out/Dez 2007, 475-488.

Costa, Jorge Adelino (2007). As Explica��es (aulas particulares) enquanto vantagem competitiva no mercado educativo: os ‘novos herdeiros’ e as estrat�gias privadas de sucesso p�blico [Tutoring as competitive advantage in the education market: the ‘new heirs’ and private strategies of public success]. Paper presented at the XXIII Simpósio Brasileiro, V Congresso Luso-Brasileiro, I Colóquio Ibero-Americano de Política e Administração da Educação – Por uma escola de qualidade para todos, Porto Alegre, Brasil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 11 a 14 de Novembro de 2007 (Publicação online).

Costa, Jorge Adelino, Neto-Mendes, António e Ventura, Alexandre (2007). O Fenómeno das Explicações: Panorâmica Internacional [The phenomenon of tutoring, International Panorama]. XIV Colóquio da Secção Portuguesa da AFIRSE – Para Um Balanço da Investigação em Educação de 1960 a 2005. Teorias e Práticas. Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, 16 a 18 de Fevereiro de 2006 (publicação em Cd-Rom).

Dang, H. A. (2007). The determinants and impact of private tutoring classes in Vietnam. Economics of Education Review, 26(6), 683-698.

Digital Chosunilbo (2007). Korean Students Burdened by Private Tutoring [Electronic Version]. Digital Chosunilbo (English Edition) : Daily News in English About Korea

Dindyal, Jaguthsing, & Besoondyal, Hemant (2007). Private tutoring in Mathematics: the Mauritian experience. Paper presented at the Redesigning Pedagogy: Culture, Knowledge and Understanding Conference, Singapore, May 2007.

Deeson, Mike (2007, 11.01.2007). Private tutoring companies make millions from government. Tampa Bay’s 10 News

Gordon, Edward E. (2007). The State of Tutoring in America: Changing the Culture about Tutoring. Synergy – The Journal of the Association for the Tutoring Profession, Vol. 1, No. 2.

Glasman, Dominique (2007): ‘Tutoring for the Rich, Tutoring for the Poor? Short notes from France’. Paper presented at the Policy Forum ‘Confronting the Shadow Education System: What Government Policies for What Private Tutoring?’. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).

Gelken, Chris (2007). You are being watched [Electronic Version]. The Korea Herald.

Green, Elizabeth Weiss (2007, 14.03.2007). States lax in overseeing NCLB tutoring. U.S. News & World Report.

Gruber, K.H. (2007). From the shadow into the limelight: the increasing limelight of tutoring in Austria. Paper presented at the IIEP Policy Forum ‘Confronting the Shadow Education system: What government policies for what private tutoring?’ Paris: IIEP-UNESCO.

Hartmann, S. (2007). The informal market of education in Egypt: private tutoring and its implications. Youth, gender and the city, working paper.

Ireson, J. (2007). Monitoring and evaluating private tutoring: how and why should we do it? Paper presented to the IIEP Policy Forum ‘Confronting the Shadow Education system: What government policies for what private tutoring?’ Paris: IIEP-UNESCO.

Kang, C. (2007). Does Money Matter? The Effect of Private Educational Expenditures on Academic Performance. National University of Singapore, Department of Economics Working Paper, 704.

Lui, Marco (2007). Hong Kong tutors selling sex appeal [Electronic Version]. ABC News.

Lyle, Regina L. (2007). A study of the perpections of elementary teachers, parents, and students regarding an after-school program in one Tennessee school. Capella University, Minneapolis.

Lipsett, Anthea (2007, 05.07.2007). Parents warned to check private tutors’ references. The Guardian.

Minnici, Angela & Bartley, Alice P. (2007). State implementation of Supplemental Educational Services under the No Child Left Behind Act. Washington D.C.: Center on Education Policy (CEP).

Mattos, Luiz Otavio Neves (2007). Explicadoras do Rio de Janeiro: encontros e desencontros em trajetórias profissionais singulare [Private tutoring in Rio de Janeiro: similarities and differences in singulair professional careers]. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (RBEP), vol. 88, n.º 218, jan./abr. 2007, 140-156.

Mandlehr, Kathleen (2007). The effect of supplemented study courses on retention and remediation at a four-year postsecondary institution. Spalding University, Louisville. Manso, Bruno Paes (1998). “Acabou o Vestibular”. Veja 25.11.1998. .

Lee, Jaekyung (2007). Two Worlds of Private Tutoring: The Prevalence and Causes of After-School Mathematics Tutoring in Korea and the United States. Teachers College Record, Volume 109, Number 5, 1207–1234. .

Mayton, Joseph S. (2007). New Law Forbids Private Tutoring In Egypt [Electronic Version]. AHN.

Nath, S. (2007). Remunerated Supplementary Tutoring in out-of-school Study in Rural Bangladesh BRAC Research Report. Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh: Research and Evaluation Division.

Neto, M. da Conceição e Neto-Mendes, António (2007). A procura de explicações: as razões dos pais [The search for private tutoring:the parents’ reasons] . Comunicação apresentada no IV Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de Política e Administração da Educação/III Congresso Nacional do Forum Português de Administração Educacional. O Governo das Escolas: os novos referenciais, as práticas e a formação. Lisboa, 12, 13 e 14 de Abril.

Neto-Mendes, António e Azevedo, Sara (2007). Explicações (aulas particulares) e sucesso académico: representações sobre uma ‘actividade na sombra’ [Private tutoring and academic success: representations of a ‘work in the shade’] . XXIII Simpósio Brasileiro, V Congresso Luso-Brasileiro, I Colóquio Ibero-Americano de Política e Administração da Educação. Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 11 a 14 de Novembro de 2007.

Neto-Mendes, António e Costa, Jorge Adelino (2007). Private supplementary tutoring in Portugal: A contribution to understand this activity [Supplementary private tutoring in Portugal: A Contribution to Understand this Activity]. Comunicação apresentada ao IIEP Policy Forum Confronting the Shadow Education System: What Government Policies for What Private Tutoring?, Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning, 5-6 Julho de 2007.

Neto-Mendes, António, Costa, Jorge Adelino e Ventura, Alexandre (2004). Ranking de escolas em Portugal – Um estudo exploratório [Ranking of schools in Portugal – An exploratory study]. Correio da Educação. N.º 197, 18 de Outubro de 2004.

Neto-Mendes, António, Costa, Jorge Adelino, Ventura, Alexandre, Azevedo, Sara (2007). “La industria de las clases particulares: de la actividad liberal a la franquicia de las multinacionales” [The private tutoring industry: from liberal activity to multinationals franchise ]. Comunicação na Pedagogía 2007 – Encuentro por la unidad de los educadores, Havana, 29 de Janeiro a 2 de Fevereiro de 2007 (publicação em CD-ROM – ISBN 959-282-040-6).

Neto-Mendes, António, Costa, Jorge Adelino, Ventura, Alexandre e Azevedo, Sara (2007). Da actividade doméstica ao franchising: alguns dados sobre o fenómeno das explicações em Portugal [Regional activity in franchising: some data on the phenomenon of private tutoring in Portugal]. Comunicação apresentada ao IX Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciências da Educação. Educação para o sucesso: políticas e actores. Funchal, 26, 27 e 28 de Abril.

Nishio, M. (2007). Use of private supplementary instruction (private tutoring) by United States High school students: Its use and academic consequences. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park.

Obeegadoo, Steven (2007): Remarks on private tuition in Mauritius. Policy Forum on ‘The Shadow Education System: What Government Policies for What Private Tutoring?’. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP

Silveirinha, Teresa e Costa, Jorge Adelino (2007). As Explicações na perspectiva da oferta: alguns dados de um estudo de caso [Private tutoting from the perspective of supply: some data from a case study]. Comunicação apresentada no IV Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de Política e Administração da Educação/III Congresso Nacional do Forum Português de Administração Educacional. O Governo das Escolas: os novos referenciais, as práticas e a formação. Lisboa, 12, 13 e 14 de Abril.

Toh, T.L. (2007) On private tuition teachers’ perception on issues related to teaching mathematics.

Top

2006

Afzal, Tabassum, & Khan, Haji Karim (2006). Private Tuition in Pakistan. Newsletter ANTRIEP (Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning), Vol. 11, No. 1, January-June 2006.

Agarwal, Pawan (2006). Private tuitions: causes and effects. Education World, September 2006.

Andrade, Paulo Sérgio de (2006). Pertencimento étnico-racial e ensino de História [Embracing ethnic-racial roots and the Teaching of History]. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo.

Bray, Hiawatha (2006). “Online tutoring pays off at home, abroad”. The Boston Globe 28.03.2006.

Bray, M. & Silova, I. (2006). The private tutoring phenomenon: international patterns and perspectives. In ESP (Ed.), Education in a hidden marketplace: monitoring of private tutoring. Budapest: Education Support Program (ESP) of the Open Society Institute.

Bray, M. (2006). Investigating the Shadows: Comparative Perspectives on Private Tuition. Newsletter ANTRIEP (Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning), Vol. 11, No. 1, January-June 2006.

Bray, M. (2006). Private supplementary tutoring: comparative perspectives on patterns and implications. Compare, Vol. 36, No. 4, 515-530.

Belkin, Douglas (2006). “Bringing up Einstein”. The Boston Globe 19.02.2006.

Clark, Laura (2006, 20.09.2006). Dawn-to dusk school day could hit exam results, say experts. Daily Mail.

Catlaks, Guntars (2006): ‘Public and Private Education: Models in Europe’. Background Paper for the Central and Eastern European Round Table on ‘Education and Privatisation in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe’, Sofia, Bulgaria, 14-16 September.

Clarice (2006). Gathering Evidence on an After-School Supplemental Instruction Program: Design Challenges and Early Findings in Light of NCLB. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 14(12).

D’Avila, Geruza Tavares (2006). O ensino superior como projeto profissional para “ser alguém”: repercussões de um cursinho pré-vestibular popular na vida dos estudantes [Higher education as a professional project to be somebody: effects of popular pre-university courses in students’ lives]. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis.

Davies, Scott, & Aurini, Janice (2006). The franchising of private tutoring: a view from Canada. Phi Delta Kappan, v. 88, n. 2, 123-128.

ESP (2006). Education in a Hidden Marketplace: Monitoring of Private Tutoring. Budapest: Education Support Program (ESP) of the Open Society Institute.

El País (2006). “El Grupo Planeta lanza un programa a la carta de clases particulares [The Grupo Planeta launched a tutoring program ‘à la carte’]. El País 16.01.2006.

Earp, Maria de Lourdes Sá (2006). A cultura da repetência em escolas cariocas [The grade repetition culture in schools in the city of Rio]. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.

Freitas, Patrícia Maria de Lima (2006). Professores de cursos pré-vestibulares e a escolha profissional de seus alunos: um estudo na cidade de Maringá-PR [Teachers of pre-university courses and their students’ career choices: a study in the city of Maringá-PR]. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis.

Gentleman, Amelia (2006). India’s e-tutors give UK children homework help. The Observer 17.09.2006.

Gewertz, Catherine (2006). Tutoring firms, N.Y.C. school employees faulted in probe [Electronic Version]. Education Week.

Glewwe, P. and Jayachandran, S. (2006). Incentives to teach badly? After-school tutoring in developing countries. Working paper. Department of Economics, University of Minnesota.

Gough, S. (2006). Hypothetical Markets: Educational Application of Ronald Dworkin’s Sovereign Virtue. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 40(3), 287-299. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9752.2006.00511.x

Heung-ju, Kim (2006). Korea’s Obsession with Private Tutoring. Newsletter ANTRIEP (Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning), Vol. 11, No. 1, January-June 2006.

Hatos, Adrian. (2006). Meditatiile – un fenomenon care ridica probleme interesante din punctul de veder al sociologiei educatiei [Private tutoring – a phenomenon which raises interesting issues from the viewpoint of sociology of education’], Chapter XII in Hatos, Adrian, Sociologiei Educatiei [Sociology of Education]. Iasi: Polirom, pp.219-234.

Haag, Ludwig (2006). Nachhilfeunterricht [Tutoring]. In D. H. Rost (Ed.), Handwörterbuch Pädagogische Psychologie. Weinheim [Encyclopaedia of Educational Psychology]. Beltz Psychologie Verlags Union.

Hallak, Jacques & Poisson, Muriel (2006). Corrupt schools, corrupt universities: what can be done? Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning. Hallak, Jacques & Poisson, Muriel (Eds.) (2006). Governance in education: transparency and accountability. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.

Jacobson, Linda (2006). Tutoring: after-school special. Teacher Magazine, Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 17, Issue 5, 9-10.

Kallai, Ella; Maniu, Mircea & Voicu, Monica. (2006). Direct and reverse causality between teacher effect and student performance.

Lightfoot, Liz (2006). Call for end to ‘scandal’ of unvetted home tutors. The Telegraph 13.02.2006.

Le Nouvel Observateur (2006, 04.12.2006). Extrait d’une enquête Ifop sur le soutien scolaire payant [Extract of the IFOP survey on tutoring]. Le Nouvel Observateur.

Ladame, Philippe (2006). Externaliser les devoirs? [Outsourcing the duties?]: Citron Vert – Centre d’information et de documentation. Ladner, Chris (s.d.). Pressure payments. University of Western Ontario: The Online Journalism Project 2004: New Media Journalism.

Lauer, Patricia A., Akiba, Motoko, Wilkerson, Stephanie B., Apthorp, Helen S., Snow, David & Martin-Glenn, Mya L. (2006). Out-of-School-Time Programs: A Meta Analysis of Effects for At-Risk Students. Review of Educational Research, Vol. 76, No. 2, 275–313.

McLurkin, Denise L. (2006). An analysis of the expectations, training, and perceived support of the volunteers at an after-school community-based reading tutorial program. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Mattos, Luiz Otavio Neves (2006). Explicadoras do Rio de Janeiro: encontros e desencontros em trajetórias profissionais singulares [Private tutoring in Rio de Janeiro: similarities and differences in singulair professional careers], Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade de São Paulo.

Maurin, Louis (2006). Egalit� des chances: les faux-semblants de la lutte contre l’�chec scolaire [Equal opportunities: the pretense of the fight against school failure]: Observatoire des inégalités, 11.01.2006.

Maxwell, Lesli A. (2006). Tutoring providers claim districts a barrier [Electronic Version]. Education Week.

Moraes, Alessandra Cardoso de & Oliveira, Rosa Maria M. Anunciato de (2006). Cursos pr�-vestibulares populares e aprendizagem da doc�ncia: alguns encontros [Popular pre-university courses and learning of teaching: some encounters]. Práxis Educativa, Vol. 1, N. 2, 125-144.

Merigó, Toni (2006). “Clases particulares SA” [Private lessons Corporation]. La Vanguardia 29.01.2006.

Oller, Anne-Claudine (2006). Coaching scolaire, école, individu : l’émergence d’un accompagnement non disciplinaire en marge de l’école [Tutoring, school, individual: the emergence of a non-disciplinary support outside of school]. Doctoral Thesis: Université de Grenoble.

Plank, D. (2006). Unsettling the State — How ‘Demand’ Challenges the Education System in the US. European Journal of Education, 41(1): p. 13-27

Popa, Simona & Acedo, Clementina (2006). Redefining Professionalism: Romanian Secondary Education Teachers and the Private Tutoring System. International Journal of Educational Development, 26 (1): 98-110.

Paley, Amit R. (2006). “Homework Help, from a World Away”. Washington Post 15.05.2006.

Roesgaard, M. H. (2006). Japanese education and the cram school business : Functions, challenges and perspectives of the juku.Copenhagen: NIAS [Nordic Institute of Asian Studies] Press.

Seaton, Matt (2006). “The scramble for schools”. The Guardian 14.03.2006.

Silova, I., Budiene, V., & & Bray, M. E. (Ed) (2006). Education in a hidden marketplace : monitoring of private tutoring (pp. 353 p. ). New York: Open Society Institute.

Tansel, Aysit, & Bircan, Fatma (2006). Demand for Education in Turkey: A Tobit Analysis of Private Tutoring Expenditures. Economics of Education Review, Vol. 25, Issue 3, 303-313.

Ventura, Alexandre, Neto-Mendes, António, Costa, Jorge Adelino e Azevedo, Sara (2006). The private tutoring scenario: contributions to a comparative analysis. Comunicação na XXII CESE Conference – Changing knowledge and education: communities, information societies and mobilities. The World in Europe – Europe in the World, Granada, 3 a 6 de Julho de 2006, ISBN 84-8491665-0.

Ventura, Alexandre, Neto-Mendes, António, Costa, Jorge Adelino e Azevedo, Sara (2006). El fenómeno del apoyo al aprendizaje fuera de la escuela visto a través de un análisis comparado [The phenomenon of learning support outside of school seen through a comparative analysis]. Profesorado. Revista de currículum y formación del profesorado, 10, 2.

Top

2005

Acadomia / IFOP (2005). Toute la vérité sur le soutien scolaire. Les résultats d’une enquête exclusive [The whole truth about tutoring. The results of an exclusive survey] Acadomia / IFOP: Dossier de Presse Acadomia – Acadomia/IFOP

Anderson, Leslie M., & Laguarda, Katrina G. (2005). Case Studies of Supplemental Services Under the No Child Left Behind Act: Findings from 2003-04. Washington: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development.

Anderson, Lee W. (2005). The No Child Left Behind Act and the Legacy of Federal Aid to Education. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(24).

Boehner, John (2005). No Child Left Behind is Working: House Education & the Workforce Committee, January 2005 Bordás, Andrea; Ceglédi, Tímea; Gál, Attila; Kovács, Klára; Németh, Nóra Veronika; Pataki, Gyöngyvér; Szabó, Anita & Zoller, Katalin (2011): ‘Shadow Education in Hungary’. Unpublished report, Debrecen, Center for Higher Education Research and Development, University of Debrecen.

Baker, David P. and LeTendre Gerald K. (2005). National Differences, Global Similarities: World Culture and the Future of Schooling. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Bircan, Fatma (2005). Three essays on education in Turkey. Middle East Technical University, Ankara

Bray, M. (2005). Private Supplementary Tutoring: Comparative Perspectives on Patterns and Implications, Oxford International Conference on Education and Development «Learning and Livelihood». 13-15 September 2005.

Brulavoine, Thierry (2005). “Acadomia aide l’Etat! [Private lessons at home helps the State!]. L´école démocratique 23.06.2005.

Brulavoine, Thierry (2005). Marché de l’échec scolaire: Acadomia aide l’Etat! [Market of the school failure: Private lessons at home helps the State!]. SUD Education, Commission Ecole & Mondialisation Capitaliste Nº 18, 04.06.2005

Chediak, Mark (2005). “Online Tutoring Part of Growing Trend”. The Washington Post 16.08.2005.

Cheo, Roland, & Quah, Euston (2005). Mothers, Maids and Tutors: An Empirical Evaluation of their Effect on Children’s Academic Grades in Singapore. Education Economics, Vol. 13, No. 3, September 2005, 269-285.

Capriglione, Laura (2005). “Dezesseis Escolas de São Paulo têm 36% das vagas de «elite» da USP [Sixteen schools of São Paulo have 36% of the places of elite at the USP]. Folha de S. Paulo 29.04.2005.

Card, James (2005). “Life and Death Exams in South Korea”. Asia Times Online 30.11.2005.

Cristeto, Anna (2005). Las clases particulares se profesionalizan [Tutoring becomes professionalized], Fomento de la Producción, N. º 1244, 1 y 15 de abril de 2005.

Coleman, Naomi (2005). “Kumon down”. The Guardian 05.01.2005.

Clare, John (2005). Private tuition for pupils is a major growth industry. The Telegraph 09.04.2005.

Doherty, Linda (2005). “The online tutor – half a world away”. Sydney Morning Herald Online 24.09.2005.

Doherty, Linda (2005). “The online tutor – half a world away”. Sydney Morning Herald Online 24.09.2005.

ElDia.es (2005, 27.10.2005). Las clases particulares clandestinas mueven al año en las Islas 28,5 millones [The clandestine tutoring moves 28.5 million a year in the Islands]. ElDia.es

Elliott, Scott (2005). Public Schools, Private Markets. A Reporter’s Guide to Privatization. Washington: Education Writers Association.

Education Industry Association (2005). New SAT Driving Test Prep & Tutoring Business

Fernandes, Fátima (2005). “72% dos calouros «top» fizeram cursinho [72% of ‘top’ freshmen did tutoring]. Folha de S. Paulo 29.04.2005.

Ferreira, Eva Maria da Silva (2005). Vicissitudes de um Programa Educativo: Liceu José Estevão de Aveiro 1926-1952, Tese de Mestrado, Porto, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade do Porto, 102-103.

Fortes, Ricardo Luiz Rocha (2005). O cursinho como unidade escolar de mediação entre o ensino médio e a universidade; particularidades, sentidos e perspectivas [The pre-university course as a unit of mediation between school and university; particularities, directions and perspectives]. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte.

Foster, Peter (2005). “Exams and Parents Push India’s Youngsters to Suicide”. The Telegraph 28.07.2005.

Gordon, June A. (2005). The Crumbling Pedestal – Changing Images of Japanese Teachers. Journal of Teacher Education, Vol. 56, No. 5, November/December 2005, 459-470.

Gordon, June A. (2005). Inequities in Japanese Urban Schools. The Urban Review, Vol. 37, No. 1, March 2005, 49-62.

Glinskaya, Elena (2005). Education and Health Expenditures in Bangladesh: Benefit Incidence Analysis. Journal of Developing Societies, Vol. 21, No. 1-2, 91-120.

Garner, Richard (2005): ‘Tutors “may be a waste especially for girls”’. South China Morning Post, 16April, p.E2

George, Nirmala, & Irvine, Martha (2005, 24.10.2005). E-Tutoring Broadens Bounds of Outsourcing. BizReport.

Ha, Tran Thu & Harpham, Trudy (2005). Primary Education in Vietnam: Extra Classes and Outcomes. International Education Journal, 6(5), 626-634.

Ha, Tran Thu, Tuan, Tran, Harpham, Trudy, Lan, Pham Thi, Thach, Tran Duc, Huttly, Sharon & McCoy, Anne (2005). Extra Classes and Learning Outcomes of Eight-year-old Children in Vietnam, Working Paper No. 29. London: Young Lives, Save the Children UK.

Hastings, Steven. (2005). Private Tuition. Times Educational Supplement, 13 May. .

Henaff, Nolwen (2005). Financing the development of education in Vietnam: state, market and society. Paper presented at the Second Worldwide Forum for Comparative Education, Beijing Normal University, 22-24 August 2005.

Hill, Amelia (2005). Tax crackdown on home tutors. The Observer 26.06.2005.

Hrynevych, Liliya, Putkiewicz, Elzbieta, Silova, Iveta, Kazimzade, Elmina, Matiashvili, Anna, & Kutateladze, Nino (2005). The Rise of Private Tutoring in Post-Socialist Eurasia, Conference – Education and Open Society: A Critical Look at New Perspectives and Demands. Budapest.

Ireson, Judith, & Rushforth, Katie (2005). Mapping and Evaluating Shadow Education, Economic & Social Research Council Research Project – End of Award Report.

Kim, Ki Su (2005). Globalization, statist political economy, and unsuccessful education reform in South Korea, 1993-2003. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(12).

Kim, Taejong (2005). Shadow Education: School Quality and Demand for Private Tutoring in Korea, Discussion Paper No. 055. Kyoto University: 21COE Interfaces for Advanced Economic Analysis. .

Khan, Shahrukh Rafin, Kazmi, Sajid, & Latif, Zainab (2005). A Comparative Institutional Analysis of Government, NGO and Private Rural Primary Schooling in Pakistan. The European Journal of Development Research, Vol. 17, No. 2, June 2005, 199-223.

Killeen, Kieran M., & Sipple, John W. (2005). Mandating Supplemental Intervention Services: Is New York State Doing Enough to Help All Students Succeed? Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(19).

Laronche, Martine (2005). Les cours particuliers s’�rigent en �contre-mod�le� de l’�cole [Private lessons erected as school model cons] . Le Monde, 01/05/2005.

Leboucher, Séverine (2005). “Qui sont les champions… du soutien scolaire” [Who are the champions … in supporting school] . Le Journal du Management 30.11.2005.

Lee, Chong Jae (2005). Korean education fever and private tutoring. KEDI Journal of Educational Policy, Vol. 2, No. 1, 99-107.

Leshukov, Igor (2005). “The Burden of Education Policy”. RussiaProfile.org 26.05.2005.

Lieberman, Myron (2005). World-class standards: rethoric and reality. Chicago: The Heartland Institute.

Medeiros, Melissa (2005). Chega primeiro cursinho virtual [Virtual tutoring comes first ] JB Online.

Nanda, Prashant K. (2005). “E-tutoring is catching on”. Deccan Herald 21.07.2005.

Okawara, Akio (2005). The Year of the Wood-Yin Rooster and School Education. Economic Trends, No. 185, January 2005, Sumitomo Corporation.

Ono, Hiroshi (2005). Does Examination Hell pay off? A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Ronin and College Education in Japan, SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance No. 346: Stockholm School of Economics.

Psacharopoulos, George & Papakonstantinou, George (2005). The Real University Costs in a “Free” Higher Education Country. Economics of Education Review, 24 (1): 103-108.

Putkiewicz, Elzbieta (2005). Korepetycje: Szara strefa educacji [Private Tutoring: Shadow Education].Warsaw: Instytut Spraw Publicznych [Institute of Public Affairs].

Pyke, Nicholas (2005). “One in four parents pay for extra tuition”. The Independent 19.06.2005.

Primont, Diane F., & Domazlicky, Bruce (2005). Student Achievement and Efficiency in Missouri Schools and the No Child Left Behind Act. Economics of Education Review, 25 (2006), 77-90.

Rai, Saritha (2005). “A Tutor Half a World Away, but as Close as a Keyboard”. The New York Times 07.09.2005.

Subtext (2005). Private tutoring takes off in New Zealand. Subtext, The Newsletter of the Education Forum, September 2005.

Shankar, Jay (2005). “Outsourcing: Now it’s Tutoring”. The Sydney Morning Herald 02.09.2005.

Saulny, Susan (2005). “A Lucrative Brand of Tutoring Grows Unchecked”. The New York Times 04.04.2005.

Sacchetti, Maria, & Jan, Tracy (2005). “State spends millions on tutors”. The Boston Globe 20.11.2005.

Smithers, Rebecca (2005). “Children benefit little from private tutoring”. The Guardian 08.04.2005.

Santos, Renato Emerson dos (2005). Pr�-Vestibulares Populares: Dilemas Pol�ticos e Desafios Pedag�gicos [Pre-university couses: Pedagogical Challenges and Political Dilemmas]: Laboratório de Políticas Públicas, Observatório Latino-americano de Políticas Educacionais, Programa Políticas da Cor na Educação Brasileira.

Tansel, Aysit, & Bircan, Fatma (2005). Effect of Private Tutoring on University Entrance Examination Performance in Turkey, ERC Working Papers in Economics 05/04. Ankara: Economic Research Center.

Toppo, Greg (2005). “Offshore learning online – Overseas tutors help students in USA”. USA Today 30.08.2005.

Torres, Blanca (2005). “Tutoring becomes a hot commodity – No Child Left Behind has opened up a potential $2 billion bonanza for companies aiding students in troubled schools”. The Baltimore Sun 24.07.2005.

Tsakloglou, Panos, & Cholezas, Ioannis (2005). Education and Inequality in Greece, Discussion Paper No. 1582. Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor.

Vannuchi, Camilo (2005). “Link para Universidade” [Link to university]. IstoÉ Online 21.09.2005.

Varma, Om (2005). “Private Tuition in Mauritius”. Mauritius Institute of Education 28.07.2005.

World Bank (2005). Expanding Opportunities and Building Competencies for Young People – A New Agenda for Secondary Education. Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

Wolk, Martin (2005). “Tutoring firms stand to gain from ailing schools”. MSNBC 04.08.2005.

Wedgwood, Ruth (2005). Education and Poverty Reduction in Tanzania, UKFIET Oxford Conference on Education and Development, September 2005.

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2004

Aizstrauta, Dace; Leokena, Evita & Dedze, Indra. (2004). Privatskolotaju Pakalpojumu Lietojums Vidussskolenu Vidu [Tutor Service Use among High School Students]. Department of Political Science, Vidzeme University, Latvia

Aurini.pdf Aurini, Janice (2004). Educational Entrepreneurialism in the Private Tutoring Industry: Balancing Profitability with the Humanistic Face of Schooling. Canadian Review of Sociology & Anthropology, Vol. 41, Issue 4, 475-491.

Assaad, Ragui, & Elbadawy, Asmaa (2004). Private and Group Tutoring in Egypt: where is the Gender Inequality? Paper presented at the Economic Research Forum (ERF) 11th Annual Conference 14-16 December, Beirut, Lebanon.

Borja, Rhea R. (2004). Education industry eyes opportunities in ‘No Child’ law [Electronic Version]. Education Week

Coronilla, Rosa (2004). “Acadomia exporta a España sus clases particulares a domicilio”. CincoDías.com 18.11.2004.

Chen, Mei-Huei (2004). The effects of supplemental instruction on mathematics education for students in Taiwan. Unpublished Ed.D., University of Arkansas, United States — Arkansas.

Aurini, Janice, & Davies, Scott (2005). Choice without markets: homeschooling in the context of private education. British Journal of Sociology of Education, Vol. 26, No. 4, 461-474.

Aizstrauta, Dace; Leokena, Evita & Dedze, Indra (2004): Privatskolotaju Pakalpojumu Lietojums Vidussskolenu Vidu [Tutor Service Use among High School Students]. Department of Political Science, Vidzeme University, Latvia.

Davies, S. (2004). School choice by default? Understanding the demand for private tutoring in Canada. American Journal of Education, 110(3), 233-255.

Fahr, R. (2004). Loafing or Learning? The Demand for Informal Education. 271, 1-29.

Fry, Lucia, Jellema, Anne, & Lawson, Max (2004). Undervaluing teachers, Policy Briefing. Brussels: Global Campaign for Education.

Fusarelli, Lance D. (2004). The Potential Impact of the No Child Left Behind Act on Equity and Diversity in American Education. Educational Policy, Vol. 18, No. 1, January and March 2004, 71-94.

Glasman, Dominique, & Besson, Leslie (2004). Le travail des élèves pour l’école en dehors de l’école. Paris: Haut Conseil de l’Evaluation de l’Ecole.

Gorman, Siobhan (2004). Selling Supplemental Services. Education Next, Fall 2004, Hoover Institution: Stanford University.

Hall, Heidi (2004). “Hillsborough Nixes Tutoring Incentives”. Tampa Tribune 13.11.2004.

Hallak, Jacques, & Poisson, Muriel (2004). Ethics and Corruption in Education: An Overview, International Working Group on Education (IWGE). Washington, 19-21 October 2004.

Hallak, Jacques, & Poisson, Muriel (2004). Challenges in Adressing Corruption in Education, Sub-Regional Course on: Transparency, Accountability and Anti-Corruption Measures in Education (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan: 15-19 November 2004) – China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan: Open Society Institute, International Institute for Educational Planning.

Hallak, Jaques, & Poisson, Muriel (2004). Private Supplementary Tutoring – Nature, Impact and Government Responses, Sub-Regional Course on: Transparency, Accountability and Anti-Corruption Measures in Education (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan: 15-19 November 2004) – China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan: Open Society Institute, International Institute for Educational Planning.

IIEP / The World Bank (2004). International course on: Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys in Education. Phnom Penh: International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) / The World Bank.

Ildikó, Mihály. (2004). Tanul�s „�rny�kban”, avagy a tan�gyi m�sodik gazdas�g muk�d�se’ [In the “shadow” of learning: Functioning of the second economy in education], Új Pedagógiai Szemle [NewPedagogical Survey], April-May.

Iqbal, Farrukh & Riad, Nagwa (2004). Increasing Girls’ School Enrollment in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Washington, DC: Social and Economic Development Department, Middle East and North Africa Region, The World Bank.

Ireson, Judith (2004). Private Tutoring: how prevalent and effective is it? London Review of Education, Vol. 2, No. 2, 109-122.

Ireson, Judith, & Rushforth, Katie (2004). Mapping the nature and extent of private tutoring at transition points in education, British Educational Research Association conference, UMIST. Manchester.

Johnson, Ramani (2004). Examination anxiety and private tuition class enrollment of twelfth standard students of Chennai, India. Unpublished Ph.D., Union Institute and University, United States — Ohio.

Janashia, Natia (2004). Corruption and Higher Education in Georgia. International Higher Education, Center for International Higher Education, Boston College, Winter 2004.

Janashia, Natia (2004). Fighting Corruption in Georgia’s Universities. Academe Online, September-October.

Kattan, Raja Bentaouet, & Burnett, Nicholas (2004). User Fees in Primary Education: Education Sector, Human Development Network, World Bank.

Kim, Ki Hun (2004). The Effects of Family Background on Educational Continuation: From Middle School to Graduate School, COE Workshop, February 2, Sendai, Japan / Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) Conference, Seoul, Korea (pp. 334-354).

Kwok, P. L. Y. (2004). Examination-Oriented Knowledge and Value Transformation in East Asian Cram Schools. Asia Pacific Education Review Vol. 5, No. 1, 64-75.

Kwok, P. L. Y. (2004). Emergence of Demand for Private Supplementary Tutoring in Hong Kong: Argument, Indicators and Implications. Hong Kong Teachers’ Centre Journal, Vol. 3, 1-14.

Kwak, Byong-Sun (2004). Struggle against Private Lessons in Korean Education Context, 28th Annual Conference of the Pacific Circle Consortium Hong Kong Institute of Education, 21-23 April.

Mooney, T. (2004). “Confessions of a private tutor”. The Guardian 24.08.2004.

Moehlecke, Sabrina (2004). Fronteiras da Igualdade no Ensino Superior [Borders of equality in Higher Education]. Excelência & Justiça Racial, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Tese de Doutorado, São Paulo: Faculdade de Educação, Universidade de São Paulo.

Maurin, Louis (2004). Ecole: les beaux jours de l’in�galit� des chances [School: climax of inequal opportunities]: Observatoire des inégalités, 06.09.2004.

M.B. (2004, 26.09.2004). Le soutien scolaire – Problématique: Fait accompli, vide juridique, chantage et cautionnement de la fraude [Tutoring problem: Fait accompli, legal vacuum, blackmail and bond fraud]. L’Opinion.

Martin, Assunta (2004). The ‘katakana effect’ and teaching English in Japan. English Today 77, Vol. 20, No. 1, 50-55.

Maszl, Gabriele (2004): ‘Nachhilfe und Angst in der Schule: Eine empirische Untersuchung an zwei Wiener Schulen’ [‘Tutoring and Anxiety at School: An Empirical Study in Two Viennese Schools’]. Erziehung und Unterricht 154 (9-10): 825-831.

Otzen, Ellen, & agencies (2004). “One in four pupils see private tutor”. The Guardian 20.09.2004.

Psacharopoulos, George, & Tassoulas, Stergios (2004). Achievement at the Higher Education Entry Examinations in Greece: A Procrustean Approach. Higher Education, 47, 241-252.

Program., O. S. I. E. S. (2004). Education and Society in Hong Kong and Macao comparative perspectives on continuity and change

Sager, Michele (2004). “9 Vendors Seek to Tutor Students”. Tampa Tribune 01.12.2004.

Shahine, Alaa (2004). “Temeramental Education”. Business Monthly, American Chamber Of Commerce In Egypt, August 2004.

Scanlon, Margaret, & Buckingham, David (2004). Home learning and the educational marketplace. Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 30, No. 2, June 2004.

Schneider, Thorsten. (2004). Nachhilfe als Strategie zur Verwirklichung von Bildungszielen: eine empirische Untersuchung mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) [Tutoring as a strategy to achieve educational goals: an empirical study using data from Socio-Economic Panels (SOEP)]. Diskussionspapiere/ Discussion Papers 447.

Sousa, José, Ribeiro, Paulo, Aboud, Sérgio, & Camacho, Regina (2004). A Universidade e o Pré-Vestibular Popular [University and pre-university courses] , Anais do 2º Congresso Brasileiro de Extensão Universitária. Belo Horizonte: 12-15 de Setembro de 2004.

Stylianou, Vasso, Savva, Andreas, Vraka, Maria, & Serghiou, Andreas (2004). Information and Communication Technology; First-Aid to the Private Tutoring Problem? Nicosia: School of Sciences and Engineering, Intercollege.

Sunderman, Gail L., & Kim, Jimmy (2004). Increasing Bureaucracy or Increasing Opportunities? School District Experience with Supplemental Educational Services. Cambridge: The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University.

Tsuneyoshi, Ryoko (2004). The New Japanese Educational Reforms and the Achievement «Crisis» Debate Educational Policy, Vol. 18, No. 2, 364-394.

Tansel, Aysit, & Bircan, Fatma (2004). Private Tutoring Expenditures in Turkey, Discussion Paper Series. Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor.

.Tett, Lyn (2004). Parents and School Communities in Japan and Scotland: Contrasts in Policy and Practice in Primary Schools. International Journal of Lifelong Education, Vol. 23, No. 3, May-June 2004, 259-273.

Trejos, Nancy (2004). “Schools Vying for Share of Tutoring Funds”. Washington Post 21.09.2004.

Wanyama, Indeje, & Njeru, Enos (2004). The Sociology of Private Tuition. Institute of Policy Analysis & Research (IPAR), Volume 10, Issue 7.

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2003

Aurini, Janice (2003). Market Professionals in the Private Tutoring Industry: Balancing Profitability with the Humanistic Face of Schooling, OISE Copy: McMaster University.

Aurini, Janice, & Davies, Scott (2003). The Transformation of Private Tutoring: Education in a Franchise Form, Annual Meetings of the CSAA. Halifax.

Bray, M. (2003a). Adverse Effects of Private Supplementary Tutoring – Dimensions, Implications and Government Responses. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.

Bacchetto, João Galvão (2003). Cursinhos Pré-Vestibulares Alternativos no Município de São Paulo (1991-2000): A Luta pela Igualdade no Acesso ao Ensino Superio [Alternative preparatory courses for college , the city of São Paulo (1991-2000): The Struggle for Equality of Access to Higher Education], Tese de Mestrado, São Paulo, Faculdade de Educação, Universidade de São Paulo.

Bray, M. & Kwok, P. (2003). Demand for Private Supplementary Tutoring: Conceptual Considerations, and Socio-Economic Patterns in Hong Kong. Economics of Education Review, 22, 611-620.

Baimova, Nigar (2003). Issues of Equity, Increased Drop-Out Rate in Education System in Azerbaijan: CPS International Policy Fellowship Program 2002/2003, Central European University, Center for Policy Studies, Open Society Institute.

Borsuk, Alan J. (2003). “Made in Japan, education regimen drills the basics”. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 08.12.2003

Costa, Jorge Adelino, Ventura, Alexandre e Neto-Mendes, António (2003). As explicações no 12º ano: contributos para o conhecimento de uma actividade na sombra [Tutoring in the 12th year: contributions to the understanding of a shadow activity]. Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Educacional. nº 2. Ano II. Lisboa: Universidade Católica Portuguesa. 55-68.

Coulson, Andrew (2003). Implementing «Education for All» – Moving from Goals to Action, The 2nd Incontro Internazionale Milanoliberal. Milan, May 17, 2003.

Chou, C.-Y., Chan, T.-W., & Lin, C.-J. (2003). Redefining the Learning Companion: the Past, Present, and Future of Educational Agents. Computers & Education, 40, 255-269.

Crossley, Michael & Watson, Keith (2003): Comparative and International Research in Education: Globalisation, Context and Difference. London: RoutledgeFalmer.

Coridian, Charles (2003). Os Usuários de Produtos Paraescolares: Pais ou Filhos? Educação & Sociedade, Vol. 24, n. 84, 945-953.

Costa, Jorge Adelino; Ventura, Alexandre & Neto-Mendes, António (2003): ‘As Explicações No 12º Ano:Contributos para o Conhecimento de Uma Actividade na Sombra’ [‘Private Tutoring in Grade 12: Contributions to Knowledge of a Shadow Activity’]. Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Educacional, 2:55-68.

Fonseca, Maria Manuel Vieira da (2003). Educar herdeiros – Práticas educativas da classe dominante lisboeta nas últimas décadas [Educating heirs – Educational practices of the dominant class in recent decades]. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian / Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.

Gordon, Edward (2003). The Future of Tutoring in America. Paper presented at the Education Industry Association’s 13th Annual Conference, EDVentures 2003, Keynote Address at Boston University to The Education Industry Association, Boston University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Gregory, K. and M. Clarke. (2003) High-Stakes Assessment in England and Singapore. Theory into Practice, 42(1): p. 66 – 74.

Kim, Taejong, Lee, Ju-Ho, & Lee, Young (2003). Mixing versus Sorting in Schooling: Evidence from the Equalization Policy in South Korea, KDI Working Paper No. 03-07. Seoul: KDI School of Public Policy and Management.

Kim, Meesook (2003). Teaching and Learning in Korean Classrooms: The Crisis and the New Aproach. Asia Pacific Education Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, 140-150.

Lloyd, Cynthia B., Tawila, Sahar El, Clark, Wesley H. & Mensch, Barbara S. (2003). The Impact of Educational Quality on School Exit in Egypt. Comparative Education Review, volume 47, 444–467.

Lee, Ki-Bong (2003). The best of intentions: Meritocratic selection to higher education and development of shadow education in Korea. Unpublished Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University, United States — Pennsylvania.

Mbelle, Amon, & Katabaro, Joviter (2003). School Enrolment, Performance and Access to Education in Tanzania. Dar Es Salaam: Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers Ltd.

Megahed, Nagwa M. & Ginsburg, Mark B. (2003). Stratified students, stratified teachers: ideologically informed perceptions of educational reform in Egypt. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 8 (2), 7-33..

Mulji, Neda (2003). All work and no play. The Review, DAWN, August 28-September 3, 2003.

Monk, M., Swain, J., Ghrist, M. & Riddle, W. (2003) Notes on Classroom Practice and the Ownership and Use of Personal Computers Amongst Egyptian Science and Mathematics Teachers. Education and Information Technologies, 8(1): 83-95.

Ministry of Health, WHO & UNICEF (2003). Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth: Ministry of Health / World Health Organization (WHO) / United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).

Nascimento, Antonio Luiz do (2003). “Cursinhos Militantes: Ação Coletiva pela Democratização da Educação Superior” [Militant private tutoring: Collective action for democracy in Higher Education] . Revista Espaço Acadêmico N.º 29, Outubro de 2003.

Nishino, Hitoshi J., & Larson, Reed (2003). Japanese Adolescents’ Free Time: Juku, Bukatsu, and Governmental Efforts to Create More Meaningful Leisure. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, No. 99, Spring 2003, 23-35.

Otzen, Ellen (2003). “An education at any price”. The Guardian 08.08.2003.

Poole, Gregory S. (2003). Higher Education Reform in Japan: Amano Ikuo on «The University in Crisis». International Education Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3, 149-176. h.

Poupeau, Franck (2003). “Décentraliser l’éducation pour mieux la privatiser” [Decentralizing education to foster privatization]. Le Monde diplomatique Juin 2003.

Scott, W.A.H. and S. Gough. (2003). Sustainable Development and Learning: Framing the Issues. RoutledgeFalmer

Said, Summer (2003). “Demand for Private English Lessons High despite Ban”. Business Monthly, American Chamber of Commerce In Egypt, August 2003.

Violet, Michel (2003). Accompagnement scolaire[School support]. Les Actes de Lecture nº 83, septembre 2003.

Yoo, Yoon Ha (2003). Competition to Enter a Better School and Private Tutoring, Working Paper 03-03, KDI School Working Paper Series: KDI School of Public Policy and Management.

Top

2002

Baker, Mike (2002). “The dilemma of private tuition”. BBC News 05.07.2002.

Buchmann, C. (2002). Getting ahead in Kenya: Social capital, shadow education, and achievement. Research in Sociology of Education, 13, 135-161. .

Beech, Hannah (2002). School Daze. TIMEasia.com, 26.04.2002

Balfanz, Robert, McPartland, James, & Shaw, Alta (2002). Re-conceptualizing Extra Help for High School Students in a High Standards Era: Center for Social Organization of Schools, John Hopkins University.

Bray, M. (2002). The Costs and Financing of Education: Trends and Policy Implications. Manila: Asian Development Bank and Comparative Education Research Centre of the University of Hong Kong.

Chapman, David (2002). Corruption and the education sector: Sectoral Perspectives on Corruption / MSI / USAID / DCHA/DG Chatterji, Madhabi, Kwon, Young Ae, & Sng.

Chung, Bong Gun (2002). Korea’s War on Private Tutoring, The Second International Forum on Education Reform: Key Factors in Effective Implementation. The Ambassador Hotel, Bangkok, September 2-5, 2002.

Carvalho, José Jorge de, & Segato, Rita Laura (2002). Uma Proposta de Cotas para Estudantes Negros na Universidade de Brasilia [A Proposal of quotas for Black Students at the University of Brasilia], Série Antropologia: Universidade de Brasília.

Cirtwill, Charles, Clifton, Rod, & D’Orsay, John (2002). Testing & Accountability: the Keys to Educational Excellence in Atlantic Canada. Halifax: Atlantic Institute for Market Studies.

Coulson, Andrew J. (2002). Delivering Education. In E. P. Lazear (Ed.), Schools for the 21st Century (pp. 105-145). Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.

Danilova, Maria (2002). “Bribery and Russian Education”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Organized Crime and Terrorism Watch Vol. 2, No. 26, 11.07.2002.

.Davies, Scott (2002). School Choice by Default? Understanding the Growing Demand for Private Tutoring in Canada, NALL Working Paper # 65. Toronto: The Research Network for New Approaches to Lifelong Learning.

Foondun, A. Raffick (2002). The Issue of Private Tuition: An Analysis of the Practice in Mauritius and Selected South-East Asian Countries. International Review of Education – Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft – Revue Internationale de l’Education, 48(6), 485-515.

Gorman, Siobhan (2002). “Tutor Restoration”. Washington Monthly December 2002.

Islam, Faisal, & Bright, Martin (2002). Parents pay £50,000 more to live near a good primary school. The Observer 24.03.2002.

Jardine, Cassandra (2002). “Private tutoring necessary to fill state school gap”. The Daily Telegraph 05.07.2002.

Jones, George (2002). “The Blairs go private for sons’ tuition”. The Daily Telegraph 05.07.2002. Jung, H. and C. Kang, Educational Implications of School Systems at Different Stages of Schooling.

Karp, Stan (2002). Let them eat tests. Rethinking Schools Online, Vol. 16, No. 4.

Kim, Sunwoong and Lee, Ju-Ho (2002). Private Tutoring and Demand for Education in South Korea. Resubmitted to Journal of Human Resources.

Kemp, Jane (2002). “First Refusal”. The Guardian 29.01.2002.

Kenny, Dianna T. (2002). To coach or not to coach: But what is the question? Online International Confederation of Principals’ Journal, September Issue.

Lee, Jisoon (2002). Education Policy in the Republic of Korea: Building Block or Stumbling Block? Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

Lotze, Conrad Dieter (2002). Online mathematics and statistics tutoring: Effectiveness and implementation issues. Unpublished Ph.D., The American University, United States — District of Columbia.

Maudsley, G. (2002). Making sense of trying not to teach: an interview study of tutors’ ideas of problem-based learning. Academic Medicine, 77(2), 162.

Mischo, Christoph & Haag, Ludwig (2002). Expansion and effectiveness of private tutoring. European Journal of Psychology of Education, Vol. XVII, nº 3, 263-273.

Mori, Rie (2002). Entrance Examinations and Remedial Education in Japanese Higher Education. Higher Education, 43, 27-42.

Psacharopoulos, George (2002). The Social Cost of an Outdated Law: Article 16 of the Greek Constitution, 19th Annual Conference European Association of Law and Economics. Athens.

Popa, Simona, & Acedo, Clementina (2002). Reforming the Curriculum in Romanian Secondary Education. In C. Acedo (Ed.), Case Studies in Secondary Education Reform (pp. 129-146): Improving Educational Quality (IEQ) Project, American Institutes for Researc

Russell, Jenni (2002). “Pay as you learn”. The Guardian 08.04.2002.

Shafiq, M. Najeeb (2002). The Economic Burden of Private Tutoring Expenses on Households in Developing Countries: The Case of Bangladesh, Overview presented for presentation, 46th Comparative & International Education Society’s Annual Meeting. Orlando, March 9th, 2002.

Smith, Jeffrey Alyn (2002). Suicide in Post-Socialist Countries: Examples from Hungary and Belarus. Anthropology of East Europe Review, Vol. 20, No. 1, Spring 2002.

Tófoli, Daniela (2002). Sedutor no começo, cursinho exige esforços [Seductive at the beginning, but private tutoring requires efforts]. Estadão 19.08.2002.

White House (2002). Fact Sheet: No Child Left Behind Act

Woodward, Will, & White, Michael (2002). “Blair’s children «tutored privately»”. The Guardian 05.07.2002.

World Bank (2002). Arab Republic of Egypt Education Sector Review: Progress and Priorities for the Future: Volume I: Main Report, Human Development Group, Middle East and North Africa Region.

Ventura, Alexandre, Mendes, António Neto e Costa, Jorge Adelino (2003). As explicações (aulas particulares): um fenómeno em expansão [Private tutoring: a growing phenomenon]. Actas do XXI Simpósio Brasileiro e III Congresso Luso-Brasileiro de Política e Administração da Educação. Recife, Brasil. 23 a 27 de Novembro de 2003 (Awaits publishing).

Yonezawa, Akiyoshi, Nakatsui, Izumi, & Kobayashi, Tetsuo (2002). University Rankings in Japan. Higher Education in Europe, Vol. XXVII, No. 4, 373-382.

Yoo, Yoon Ha. (2002). Economics of Private Tutoring: In Search for its Causes and Effective Cures. Seoul: Korea Development Institute.148p.

Top

2001

Antoninis, Manos, & Tsakloglou, Panos (2001). Who Benefits from Public Education in Greece? Evidence and Policy Implications. Education Economics, Vol. 9, No. 2, 197-222.

Baker, David P., Akiba, Motoko, LeTendre, Gerald K., & Wiseman, Alexander W. (2001). Worldwide Shadow Education: Outside-School Learning, Institutional Quality of Schooling, and Cross-National Mathematics Achievement. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Spring 2001, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1-17

Cave, Peter (2001). Educational Reform in Japan in the 1990s: «individuality» and other uncertainties. Comparative Education, Volume 37, No. 2, 173-191.

Doyon, Paul (2001). A Review of Higher Education Reform in Modern Japan. Higher Education, 41, 443-470.

Filho, Francisco Alves, & Rodrigues, Greice (2001). “Passando pelo Funil [Passing through the funnel]. IstoÉ Online 08.03.2001.

Fretwell, David H., & Wheeler, Antony (2001). Turkey: Secondary Education and Training. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, Human Development Network, Education Group, Secondary Education Series.

Gough, S. (2001). Curriculum Development and Sustainable Development: practices, institutions and literacies. Educational philosophy and theory, 33(2), 137.

Gibbons, Steve, & Machin, Stephen (2001). Valuing Primary Schools. London: Centre for the Economics of Education, London School of Economics and Political Science.

Gois, Antônio (2001). “O Fim do Vestibular” [The purpose of private tutoring] . Aprendiz 27.03.2001.

Gomes, Beto (2001). “Cursinho Popular Abre Portas da Universidade para Carentes” [Popular pre-university courses Opens Doors to Needy students]. Jornal da Paulista ano 14, n. 161, nov/2001.

Haag, Ludwig (2001). Hält bezahlter Nachhilfeunterricht, was er verspricht? Eine Evaluationsstudie [Is private tutoring effective? An evaluation study]. Zeitschrift für Päd. Psychologie/German Journal of Educational Psychology, 15(1), 38-44

IIEP (2001). Expert Workshop on Ethics and corruption in education – Background document, Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning/IIEP, 28-29 November 2001.

Kim, Sunwoong and Lee, Ju-Ho. (2001). Demand for Education and Developmental State: Private Tutoring in South Korea. SSRN eLibrary.

Kwok, P. L. Y. (2001a). Local Knowledge and Value Transformation in East Asian Mass Tutorial Schools. International Education Journal, Vol. 2, No. 5, WCCES Commission 6 Special 2001 Congress Issue, 86-97.

Kwok, P. L. Y. (2001b). A multi-level social analysis of demand for private supplementary tutoring at secondary level in Hong Kong. University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Lloyd, Cynthia, Tawila, Sahar El, Clark, Wesley, & Mensch, Barbara (2001). Determinants of Educational Attainment among Adolescents in Egypt: does School Quality make a Difference? Policy Research Division, Working Paper no. 150, New York: Population Council.

Lopes, Amélia (2001). Professoras e identidade – Um estudo sobre a identidade social de professoras portuguesas. Porto: Asa.

Lewin, K. a. C., F. (Ed.). (2001). Financing Secondary Education in Developing Countries:strategies for sustainable growth.

Letendre, Gerald K. & Akiba, Motoko (2001). Teacher Beliefs about Adolescent Development: cultural and organizational impacts on Japanese and US middle school teachers’ beliefs. Compare, Vol. 31, No. 2, 187-203.

Moorhead, Joanna (2001). Tutor age. The Guardian, 07/08/2001.

Nzomo, J., Kariuki, M., Guantai, L., & Planning, I. I. f. E. (2001). The Quality of Primary Education: Some Policy Suggestions Based on a Survey of Schools: Kenya: Unesco, International Institute for Educational Planning.

Nzomo, J., Kariuki, M., Guantai, L., & Planning, I. I. f. E. (2001). The Quality of Primary Education: Some Policy Suggestions Based on a Survey of Schools: Kenya: Unesco, International Institute for Educational Planning.

Okada, Akito (2001). Japan as a Prototype of the «Degreeocracy» Society? Educational Review, Vol. 53, No. 3, 303-312.

Starobin, Paul (2001). “Saving the Schools”. BusinessWeek Online 12.11.2001.

Tong, S.-l. (2001) Thomas, Education as a commodity : private tutoring in Hong Kong and Taipei, in Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong: Hong Kong.

Watkins, Kevin, Watt, Patrick, & Buston, Oliver (2001). Education Charges: A Tax on Human Development, Oxfam Briefing Paper: Oxfam International.

Whitaker, Dulce Consuelo Andreatta, & Fiamengue, Elis Cristina (2001). Ensino Médio: Função do Estado ou da Empresa?[High School: Role of the State or rol of the Company?] Educação & Sociedade, ano XXII, n.º 75, Agosto/2001.

Yazici, Ali, Altas, Irfan, & Demiray, Ugur (2001). Distance Education on the Net: A Model for Developing Countries. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, Vol. 2, No. 2, 24-35.

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2000

Benedet, Olga Maria (2000). Percep��es sobre a Qualidade do Ensino M�dio: uma Avalia��o na Regi�o Sul de Santa Catarina [Perceptions on Quality of High School: an evaluation in the South of Santa Catarina], Tese de Mestrado, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.

Dvorak, Johanna Jane Koolbeck (2000). The college tutoring experience. Unpublished Ph.D., The University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, United States – Wisconsin.

Green, Andy (2000). Converging Paths or Ships Passing in the Night? An «English» Critique of Japanese School Reform. Comparative Education, Vol. 36, No. 4, 417-435.

Haag, Ludwig & van Kessel, Martin (2000): ‘Learning out of School: Homework and Tutoring – A Research Study in Luxembourg’. Nürnberg: Institut für Psychologie, Friedrich Alexander Universität.

Ihlwan, Moon (2000). “South Koreans are Crazy for Cramming”. BusinessWeek Online 23.10.2000.

Ji-soo, Kim (2000, 29.05.2000). Gap in education among the rich and poor widens. Korea Herald.

Kim, Inhee (2000). Private tutoring in Korea – A cultural analysis. Charlottesville: Curry School of Education, University of Virginia.

Lartigue, Casey J. (2000). “You’ll Never Guess What South Korea Frowns Upon”. Cato Institute 15.06.2000.

Lee, Meery, & Larson, Reed (2000). The Korean «Examination Hell»: Long Hours of Studying, Distress, and Depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, Vol. 29, No. 2, 249-271

Lee, Julie C. J. (2000). Educational experiences of Taiwanese American and Taiwanese immigrant students: The effect of buxiban centers in southern California. Unpublished Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles, United States — California.

Montgomery, Mark R., Agyeman, Dominic K., Aglobitse, Peter B. & Heiland, Frank (2000). New Elements of the Cost of Children: Supplementary Schooling in Ghana. New York: The Population Council.

Minwalla, Shabnam (2000). Manufacturing Toppers. Times of India, 21/07/2000.

Vasconcellos, Celso dos S. (2000). (Des)Alienação do Cotidiano Escolar [(Des)alienating Everyday School] . Revista AEC, nº 117, out/dez 2000.

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1999

Anghel, Florentina, Balica, Magdalena, Badescu, Mircea, Boca, Irina, Brâncoveanu, Romulus, Ghinea, Diana, et al. (1999). The EFA 2000 Assessment: Country Reports – Romania. Bucharest: Ministry of National Education, Institute For Sciences of Education.

Bray, M. (1999). The private costs of public schooling : household and community financing of primary education in Cambodia. Paris:: International Institute for Educational Planning, UNICEF.

Bray, M. (1999). The shadow education system: private tutoring and its implications for planners. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.

Biswal, Bagala P. (1999). The implications of private tutoring on the school education in LDCs. Policy Reform, Vol. 3, 53-66.

Biswal, Bagala P. (1999). Private Tutoring and Public Corruption: a Cost-Effective Education System for Developing Countries. The Developing Economies, XXXVII-2, 222-240.

Cunningham, Malcolm (1999). Tutoring as a social activity: Two case studies. Unpublished M.Ed., Queen’s University at Kingston (Canada), Canada.

Education Commission of the States (1999). American’s Perceptions about Public Education. Denver.

Fenech, Nadja, & Spiteri, Carmen (1999). Private Tuition in Malta. Degree of Bachelor in Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malta. Institute.

Frasz, Chris, & Kato, Kazuo (1999). The Educational Structure of the Japanese School System. In H. W. Stevenson, S.-Y. Lee & R. Nerison-Low (Eds.), Contemporary Research in the United States, Germany, and Japan on Five Education Issues: Structure of the Education System, Standards in Education, the Role of School in Adolescents’ Lives, Individual Differences Among Students, and Teachers’ Lives. ED Online, U.S. Department of Education.

Guppy, Neil, & Davies, Scott (1999). Understanding Canadians’ Declining Confidence in Public Education. Canadian Journal of Education, 24, 3, 265-280.

Hassan, Fayza (1999). “Private tuition”. Al-Ahram Weekly, Issue No. 436, 1-7 July 1999.

Kato, Kazuo, Crystal, David, LeTendre, Gerald & Trelfa, Douglas (1999). Secondary Education in the Life of Japanese Adolescents. In H. W. Stevenson, S.-Y. Lee & R. Nerison-Low (Eds.), Contemporary Research in the United States, Germany, and Japan on Five Education Issues: Structure of the Education System, Standards in Education, the Role of School in Adolescents’ Lives, Individual Differences Among Students, and Teachers’ Lives. ED Online, U.S. Department of Education.

Kim, Ki Su (1999). A Statist Political Economy and High Demand for Education in South Korea. Education Policy Analysis Archives, Volume 7, Number 19.

Jayaweera, S. (1999). Gender Education, Development: Sri Lanka in. Gender, Education & Development, Beyond Access to Empowerment.

Lanning, Nile (1999). “Tales Out of School”. New York Magazine 15.11.1999.

Moriyoshi, Naoko & Trelfa, Douglas (1999). Components of National Education Standards in Japan. In H. W. Stevenson, S.-Y. Lee & R. Nerison-Low (Eds.),Contemporary Research in the United States, Germany, and Japan on Five Education Issues: Structure of the Education System, Standards in Education, the Role ofSchool in Adolescents’ Lives, Individual Differences Among Students, and Teachers’ Lives. ED Online, U.S. Department of Education.

Stevenson, Harold W., Lee, Shin-Ying, & Nerison-Low, Roberta (Eds.) (1999). Contemporary Research in the United States, Germany, and Japan on Five Education Issues: Structure of the Education System, Standards in Education, the Role of School in Adolescents’ Lives, Individual Differences Among Students, and Teachers’ Lives. ED Online, U.S. Department of Education.

Schümer, Gundel (1999). Mathematics Education in Japan. Journal of Curriculum Studies, Vol. 31, No. 4, 399-427.

Zeng, Kangmin (1999). Dragon Gate: Competitive Examinations and their Consequences. London: Cassell.

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1998

Aggarwal, Yash (1998). Primary Education in Delhi. How much do the children learn? New Delhi: National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration

Dessy, Sylvain, St-Amour, Pascal, & Vencatachellumx, Désiré (1998). The Economics of Private Tutoring. Québec: Cahiers de recherche, Université Laval – Département d’économique.

Foondun, Abdool Raffick (1998). Effects of Poor Sanitation on Private-tuition Children, 24th WEDC Conference – Sanitation and Water for All. Islamabad.

Jennison, Brenda (1998). A tale of two countries: physics education in Japan from an English perspective. Phys. Educ., 33(6), November, 396-405.

Khalil, Ashraf (1998). The Real School System. Business Monthly, American Chamber Of Commerce In Egypt, June 1998

Li-Chen, Jackie Tseng (1998). Private supplementary tutoring at the senior secondary level in Taiwan and Hong Kong. University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Manso, B.P. (1998). Acabou o Vestibular [He finished the pre-university] Veja 25.11.98

Mensch, Barbara, & Lloyd, Cynthia (1998). Gender Differences in the Schooling Experiences of Adolescents in Low-income Countries: The Case of Kenya. Studies in Family Planning, Volume 29, Number 2, June 1998, 167-184.

Mehrotra, Santosh, & Delamonica, Enrique (1998). Household Costs and Public Expenditure on Primary Education in Five Low Income Countries: a ComparativeAnalysis. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol. 18, no. 1, 41-61

Rouse, C. E. (1998). Private School Vouchers and Student Achievement: An Evaluation of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program*. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2), 553-602.

Tseng, J. (1998). Private Supplementary Tutoring at the Senior Secondary Level in Taiwan and Hong Kong. M.Ed. Dissertation, the University of Hong Kong.

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1997

Asiaweek (1997). Banning Tutors. Asiaweek, May 2, 1997.

Abagi, Okwach, & Odipo, George (1997). Efficiency of Primary Education in Kenya: Situational Analysis and Implications for Educational Reform, Discussion Paper No. DP 004/97. Nairobi: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research.

Hargreaves, Eleanore (1997). The Diploma Disease in Egypt: Learning, Teaching and the Monster of the Secondary Leaving Certificate. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, Vol. 4, Issue 1.

Kwok, Shirley (1997). ‘Glamour’ tutor attacks the bores. South China Morning Post, 07/08/1997.

Kam, Polly (1997). Tutorials can come at a cost. Young Post.

Kanellopoulos, Costas, & Psacharopoulos, George (1997). Private Education Expenditure in a ‘Free Education’ Country: the Case of Greece. International Journal of Educational Development, Vol. 17, No. 1, 73-81.

Psacharopoulos, George, Arieira, Carlos R., & Mattson, Robert (1997). Private Education in a Poor Country: The Case of Urban Bolivia. Economics of Education Review, Vol. 16, no. 4, 395-406.

Takeuchi, Yo (1997). The self-activating entrance examination system – its hidden agenda and its correspondence with the Japanese «salary man». Higher Education, Vol. 34, Number 2, 183-198.

Top

1996

Bray, M. (1996). Counting the full cost: Parental and community financing of education in East Asia. Washington,D. C.: World Bank.

Goel, D. R., & Sarangi, D. (1996). Motivational factors of private coaching: The Progress of Education.

Hua, Haiyan (1996). Which students are likely to participate in private lessons or school tutoring in Egypt? (A multivariate discriminant analysis). Unpublished Ed.D., Harvard University, United States — Massachusetts.

Johnson, Marcia L., & Johnson, Jeffrey R. (1996). Daily Life in Japanese High Schools. Japan Digest: National Clearinghouse for United States-Japan Studies, October 1996. Johnson, Rachel (2002). “A private affair”. The Spectator 06.07.2002.

Morita, Eiichi, Dodds, Gordon, & Ogasawara, Tsukasa (1996). Education and Research in Japan. Engineering Science and Education Journal, December 1996, 257-262.

Todd, Robert H., & Yamada, Takuto (1996). The Quest for Relevance: Roles for Academia and Industry in Japan and the U.S. The International Conference on Precision Engineering / 6th Sino-Japan Joint Seminar on Ultraprecision Technology (pp. 1457-1462). Northeastern University, Shenyang, P.R. China, September 23-25.

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1995

Chew, S., & Leong, Y. (1995). Private Tuition in Malaysia and Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study. Kuala Lumpur: Dept. of Social Foundations in Education, University of Malaya.

Greaney, Vincent, & Kellaghan, Thomas (1995). Equity Issues in Public Examinations in Developing Countries. Washington: World Bank.

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1994

De Silva, W. A. (1994) Extra-school Tutoring In the Asian Context With Special Reference To Sri Lanka. Maharagama: Department of Educational Research, National Institute of Education.

Glasman D. & Collonges G. (1994). Cours particuliers et construction sociale de la scolarité [Tutoring and the social construction of school], Paris, centre. National de Documentation Pédagogique, 269p.

Gunawardena, Bandula (1994). Necessity of tuition classes in the existing educational system. Economic Review, May/June, 25.

Gunawardena, Chandra (1994). The emergence of private tuition in Sri Lanka. Economic Review, May/June, 8-10&24.

Harnisch, Delwyn L. (1994). Supplemental education in Japan: Juku schooling and its implication. J. Curriculum Studies, Vol. 26, No. 3, 323-334.

Mauritius, Government of (1994). Use and Abuse of Private Tuition. Port Louis: Ministry of Education

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1993

Biswal, Bagala Prasad (1993). Optimal provision of education in developing countries: A theoretical analysis. Unpublished Ph.D., Queen’s University at Kingston (Canada), Canada.

Dolly, J. P. (1993). The Impact of Juku on Japanese Students. Journal of Instructional Psychology, Dec. 93, Vol. 20, Issue 4.

Pettersen, Larry (1993). Japan’s «Cram Schools». Educational Leadership, Feb 1993, Vol. 50, Issue 5, 56-58.

Top

1992

August, Robert L. (1992). Yobiko: Prep schools for college entrance in Japan. In R. Leestma & H. J. Walberg (Eds.), Japanese Educational Productivity (pp. 267-307). Ann Arbor: Centre for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan.

Han, Soja Hong (1992). Private tutoring and academic performance among high school students in Seoul, Korea. Unpublished Ed.D., Boston University, United States — Massachusetts.

Kato, Katsumi (1992). Another Brick in the Wall. Company Strategies: Kumon Institute of Education. Look Japan, August 1992.

Stevenson, D. L., & Baker, D. P. (1992). Shadow Education and Allocation in Formal Schooling: Transition to University in Japan. The American Journal of Sociology, 97(6), 1639-1657.

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1991

De Silva, W., Gunawardane, C., Jayaweera, S., Perera, L., & Rupasinghe, S. (1991). Extra school instruction, social equity and educational quality (Sri Lanka). Report prepared for the International Development Research Centre, Singapore.

Fuller, Thomas H. (1991). The Kumon Approach to Learning Mathematics: An Educator’s Perspective. St. Louis: Department of Computer Science, Washington University.

Marimuthu, T., Singh, J.S., Ahmad, K., Lim, H.K., Mukherjee, H., Oman, S., Chelliah, T., Sharma, J.R., Salleh, N.M., Yong, L., Leong, L.T., Sukarman, S., Thong, L.K., and Jamaluddin, W. (1991). Extra-school instruction, social equity and educational quality. Report prepared for the International Development Research Centre, Singapore.

Top

1990

Gordon, Edward E., & Gordon, Elaine H. (1990). Centuries of tutoring: a history of alternative education in America and Western Europe. Lanham / New York / London: University Press of America.

Meléndez, Santiago de Luxán (1990). Un aspecto del sector servicios: la oferta de clases particulares en Las Palmas 1860-1885 [One aspect of the service sector: private tutoring supply in Las Palmas 1860-1885]. El Guiniguada, Nº 1, 123-133.

Top

1989

Bahari, Manoucher (1989). Moonlighting among Iranian teachers. Unpublished Ph.D., Arizona State University, United States — Arizona

Madzelan, Joseph Francis (1989). A study of teacher moonlighting in selected public school districts of Delaware County, Pennsylvania for the academic years 1981 1982 and 1986-1987. Unpublished Ed.D., Temple University, United States — Pennsylvania.

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1988

Falzon, P. A. and Busuttil, J. (1988) Private tuition in Malta: a hidden educational phenomenon revealed. B. Ed. (Hons.) dissertation, University of Malta.

Top

1987

Hossler, D., & Gallagher, K. S. (1987). Studying Student College Choice: A Three-Phase Model and the Implications for Policymakers. [Journal-Articles Reports-Evaluative]. College and University, 62(3), 207-221.

Top

1981

Messick, Samuel (1981). Issues of effectiveness and equity in the coaching controversy: implications for educational and testing practice. Princeton, New Jersey: Educational Testing Service.

Top

1976

Dore, R. P. (1976). The Diploma Disease. Berkeley: University of California Press. Dumont, Laure (2003, 27.05.2003). Acadomia, ou quand le petit cours devient un business [Tutoring, or when private lessons become a small business]. L’Expansion.com

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Miscelaneous

Byun, S. Y. Forthcoming. Shadow Education and School Success in South Korea. Book chapter to appear in the Contours of Korean Education: Educational Challenges of Recent Economic and Demographic Changes, edited by H. Park and K. Kim, Springer Publishing.

U.S. Department of Education (w.d.). Extra Help for Student Success, U.S. Department of Education (pamphlet).

An article in Slate magazine, published on 29 August 2011 with multiple links within it

Latest issue of Faculty’s newsletter, Education Matters: information about Shadow Education on page 13!